INTERVIEW QUESTIONS MICROSOFT C# DETAILS

Question: Define abstraction,encapsulation,inheritance:with example.

Answer: Abstraction : Abstraction works by abstracting common parts of objects and merging them into a single abstract class. An abstract class is a parent class that allows inheritance but can never be instantiated. Abstract classes contain one or more abstract methods that do not have implementation. Abstract classes allow specialization of inherited classes.

Encapsulation :The details of how objects worked are hidden to the user of that object.Like RGB colors.We define RGB internally what happened how complex is it is hidden from us.

Inheritance :Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes.The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own.

Abstraction : Abstraction works by abstracting common parts of objects and merging them into a single abstract class. An abstract class is a parent class that allows inheritance but can never be instantiated. Abstract classes contain one or more abstract methods that do not have implementation. Abstract classes allow specialization of inherited classes.

Encapsulation :The details of how objects worked are hidden to the user of that object.Like RGB colors.We define RGB internally what happened how complex is it is hidden from us.

Inheritance :Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes.The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own. Source: CoolInterview.com

Abstract classes and Interfaces both are used either for design reasons or Security reasons.Both are used when you want to force a protocol of behaviour or anything you wants to come into the system.Take an Example of shape,line,circle and rectangle.
Anyone who wants to become a shape can implement the IShape interface and come into the system, this can also be achieved using abstract class but in case of abstract class if some one derives a class from line class that also comes into the system forcefully.So there is a choice whether you want to force something or you wants to make it optional.If you want to force then use abstract class if you want to keep optional use Interfaces.

Abstract class and Interfaces both are basically the same but with one major difference.Abstract classes are used whenever you want to force a Inheritance hierarchy whereas in Interfaces this is optional.If anybody wants to come into the system then he has the choice of implementing the interface and thus comes into the system.Whereas if you use abstract class then the all the classes down the hierarchy comes into the system forcefully.

ENCAPSULATION

It’s data hiding or data abstraction. Private member variables of a class are encapsulated so that they can only be accessed by specific methods/properties. This will prevent data corruption.
E.g Abstract class

abstract class Abstract1
{
public Abstract1()
{
constructor logic here
}
}
public abstract void abmethod();
public static void Main()
{
myclass mycls = new myclass();
mycls.nonabmethod();
mycls.abmethod();
}
}

e.g Interface
using System;
namespace OOPs
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Interface1.
/// </summary>
public class Interface1 : myinterface
{
public static void Main()
{
Interface1 inf1 = new Interface1();
inf1.callmethod();
}
public Interface1()
{
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
}
public void callmethod()
{
Console.WriteLine("callmethod implemented!");
}

}
interface myinterface
{
void callmethod();
}
}


Encapsulation:-
using system;
public class Employee
{
private string empname;
public string GetEmpname()
{
return empname;
}
// Mutator Method

public void SetEmpname( string tempname)
{
empname=tempname;
}
}
Like the above way we can protect the private data from the outside world. Here we use two separate methods to assign/access and get/retrieve the required data.
public static int Main(string[] args)
{
Employee e= new Employee()
e.SetEmpname("Prasad");
Console.WriteLine("The Department is :"+e.GetEmpname());
return 0;
} Source: CoolInterview.com

Abstraction is the process of hiding unnecessary data .
Encapsulation is wrapping of methods and functions in to single unit.
Inheritance is building new class based on existing class. Source: CoolInterview.com

The Process of hiding the irrelevent details and exposing the relevent details. Source: CoolInterview.com

if u define as a abstract class it cannot be intantiated by its own,it mush be inherited with other class it is called as abstract class

Encapsulation is hiding the internal details of methods is called encapsulation

inheritance is a child class use the all elements in parent class is called as inheritance in c# we declare inheritance as a (":") Source: CoolInterview.com

Encapsulation: Hiding of unusual data from end-user is called encapsulation.

Abstraction: Display whatever end-user required is Abstraction.

Inheritance: Deriving a new class from an old class is called inheritance Source: CoolInterview.com

Answer should be complete in itself. Source: CoolInterview.com

Encapsulation:...........
It means wrapping the data and function having the common properties in a single unit (called class).
eg.........
bread, rice,pulse,etc are the members of the food class

Abstraction:...........
It means hiding the unnecessary details from the end user.
eg.....
when we create a package and use it in another program.

Inherritance:..............
It means using the all properties of the parent class by the child class.
eg...........
food is a class and bread is its child class.

Source: CoolInterview.com

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