INTERVIEW QUESTIONS MICROSOFT DOTNET DETAILS

Question: What is cts and cls?

Answer: =>cls stands for common language specification where as
cts stands for common type system.
=>CLS : cls is a standard for .net . cls is small set of specification to make all languages as a .net compliant languages. cls make a use of cts and clr. if my languages (c#,vb.net,j#,vc++) wants to be compliant language it has to follow cls standard.

=>CTS : Common Type System is also a standard like cls. If two languages (c# or vb.net or j# or vc++) wants to communicate with eachother, they have to convert into some common type (i.e in clr common language runtime). In c# we use int which is converted to Int32 of CLR to communicate with vb.net which uses Integer or vice versa

=>cls stands for common language specification where as
cts stands for common type system.
=>CLS : cls is a standard for .net . cls is small set of specification to make all languages as a .net compliant languages. cls make a use of cts and clr. if my languages (c#,vb.net,j#,vc++) wants to be compliant language it has to follow cls standard.

=>CTS : Common Type System is also a standard like cls. If two languages (c# or vb.net or j# or vc++) wants to communicate with eachother, they have to convert into some common type (i.e in clr common language runtime). In c# we use int which is converted to Int32 of CLR to communicate with vb.net which uses Integer or vice versa
Source: CoolInterview.com

CLS: It Sand For Common Language Specification Which has to follow All Language. All DataType which follows cls specification are Language Interoperability.Unit is non cls part of data type.cls is called as SuperSet.
CTS: It Stand For Common Type System Which provides universe data type available in dotnet.
Unit is part of cts.it is also called as Subset. Source: CoolInterview.com

Common Language Specification is a set of constructs and constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers. The Common Language Specification is subset of the Common Type System(CTS).

The Common Type System defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration. Source: CoolInterview.com

CLS means common language specification which says that all .net languages(c# or vb.net or j#.net....) when compiled has to generate the same type of IL code when targeting the .net framework.
CTS means common type system which says that all the data types present in various .net languages should adopt the same data structure.ie.,while converting vb.net code to c#.net,integer of vb.net is shown as int32 to c# by Intermediate language(IL). Source: CoolInterview.com

cls:comman language specification we abbrivate,now ls: language specificaion means list of syntactical rules to build one application or progarm or language,and here these ruls comman to all dotnet compatible languages.
ex: c#(dotnet comatible lang)
perl.net(same)
(why comman rules?)=improving conversion capabulity to an applicaion or program or language by internolly only.
cts:by using any lang,if we want declare variable(i) as 10,needs different structures as per the lang rules& structure,but here 1 common format internolly understood by .net f/w is cts available in diff modes...int16,int32 Source: CoolInterview.com

cls is a standard for .net . cls is small set of specification to make all languages as a .net compliant languages.
All DataType which follows cls specification are Language Interoperability.Unit is non cls part of data type.cls is called as SuperSet.
Source: CoolInterview.com

CTS and CLS are parts of .NET CLR and are responsible for type safety with in the code. Both allow cross language communication and type safety. In this article I would like to expose the relationship between these two.

CTS stands for Common Type System. It defines the rules which Common Language Runtime follows when declaring, using, and managing types. The common type system performs the following functions:

It enables cross-language integration, type safety, and high-performance code execution.

It provides an object-oriented model for implementation of many programming languages.

It defines rules that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework. It ensures that objects written in different .NET Languages like C#, VB.NET, F# etc. can interact with each other.


CLS

CLS stands for Common Language Specification and it is a subset of CTS. It defines a set of rules and restrictions that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework. The languages which follows these set of rules are said to be CLS Compliant. In simple words, CLS enables cross-language integration.

For example, one rule is that you cannot use multiple inheritance within .NET Framework. As you know C++ supports multiple inheritance but; when you will try to use that C++ code within C#, it is not possible because C# doesn’t supports multiple inheritance.

One another rule is that you cannot have members with same name with case difference only i.e. you cannot have add() and Add() methods. This easily works in C# because it is case-sensitive but when you will try to use that C# code in VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive. Source: CoolInterview.com

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